Arthroscopic or ‘keyhole’ surgery is probably the commonest technique in knee surgery. Usually 2, but sometimes more, small holes are made to enable a camera to be inserted through one hole (portal), and instruments through another portal, which are then used to remove or repair torn cartilage, perform micro-fracture, remove loose bodies or to reconstruct ligaments.

Most conditions within the knee will warrant an MRI scan prior to surgery, indeed, some insurance companies insist on an MRI scan and reviewing the report prior to approving treatment. An MRI scan shows very detailed anatomy within the knee, to allow confirmation of a diagnosis, to assess additional injuries or problems, to allow a prognosis, or assess progress after treatment.